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2之43船只避碰义务的三个阶段3
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2之43船只避碰义务的三个阶段

2-07船只避碰义务,因规则,VHF 通讯港务台或是领港的指示而改变
2之43船只避碰义务的三个阶段

By flock law: (discuss later)

When situation is confusing take same speed as other vessels around. Always check ownship is over speed or not which will reduce safe distance either forward or aft.

When in close range take same course or reciprocal course as close by vessels. Always check ownship is crossing other vessels track or not which will increase intersection point and collision risk.   

 

Stand-on vessel shall take best aid actions to avoid immediate danger when collision cannot be avoided by the action of give-way vessel alone.

 

(c). A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.

 - 17( a )(ii) 这两条动力船只,是在早期碰撞危机之中,(避碰的第二阶段,请见下面的图形2-22

-  17( a )(ii) 这两条动力船只,是在早期碰撞危机之中,(避碰的第二阶段,请见下面的图形2-22

- (a)(ii) of this Rule: these two power-driven vessels are in early stage of collision risk (second stage of Figure 2-22 below).

不应该向左转向:在横越的情况下,动力船只不应该与其他动力船只右舷对右舷通过,在避碰的早期阶段。

不应该向左转向:在横越的情况下,动力船只不应该与其他动力船只右舷对右舷通过,在避碰的早期阶段。

- shall not alter course to portin a crossing situation ownship power-driven vessel shall not to avoid the collision by passing starboard to starboard side to other power-driven vessel in early stage.

(d). This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.

让路船必须保持航向航速,当直航船已采取避碰行动。

让路船必须采取避碰行动,当两条船只已经太接近,无法由其他船只单独行动来避免碰撞。

本规则是提醒让路船,不要放弃其他的义务,例如了望,安全速度,碰撞危机的评估等等,不要挡到他船的去路,当避碰无法由其他船只单独的行动以完成。

让路船必须保持航向航速,当直航船已采取避碰行动。

让路船必须采取避碰行动,当两条船只已经太接近,无法由其他船只单独行动来避免碰撞。

本规则是提醒让路船,不要放弃其他的义务,例如了望,安全速度,碰撞危机的评估等等,不要挡到他船的去路,当避碰无法由其他船只单独的行动以完成。

give-way vessel have to keep course and speed when stand on vessel take avoidance action.

- give-way vessel have to take avoidance actions when two vessels already too close collision cannot be avoided by another vessels action alone.

- this rule is to remind give-way vessels not to give up other obligation of lookout, safe speed, collision risk, etcand keep out of the way when collision cannot be avoided by another vessels action alone.

 

 

2-07船只避碰义务,因规则,VHF 通讯港务台或是领港的指示而改变

243船只避碰义务的三个阶段

请参考图形221会遇的情况,由相对方位和相对位置决定

当两条船只在很远的时候,介於69海里的第一阶段,两条船都可以自由运转,转向或改变航速,如果他们的航路上有转向点,或是航行障碍需要改变航向来避免的时候,他们可以自由的转向。

如果两条船仍然在目前的航线上,碰撞危机应该加以评估,在这第一阶段,69海里之间。

243船只避碰义务的三个阶段

请参考图形221会遇的情况,由相对方位和相对位置决定

当两条船只在很远的时候,介于69海里的第一阶段,两条船都可以自由运转,转向或改变航速,如果他们的航路上有转向点,或是航行障碍需要改变航向来避免的时候,他们可以自由的转向。

如果两条船仍然在目前的航线上,碰撞危机应该加以评估,在这第一阶段,69海里之间。

 

2-07 Vessel’s obligation varied by COLREG, VHF, VTS or Pilots

2-43 Vessel’s obligation in three stages of collision avoidance

Please Refer to Figure 2-22, for vessels obligation in three stages:

Þ   When two vessels are still far away between 6 - 9 nm in first stage, both vessels are free to alter course if their route on the chart has turning point need to do so or navigational hazards need to be avoided by alter course. 

If both vessels remain in their present courses the collision risk should be evaluated in this first stage. 

Þ   当两条船只的距离减到36海里时,这是避碰的第二阶段,碰撞危机应该再一次确认,在开始采取避碰行动之前。

  • 两船之间的距离是在63海里附近,让路船应该采取避让行动,如果在这第二阶段,评估有碰撞危机,。
  • 直航船也能够先采取避碰行动,只要让路船还没有采取适当的行动,以符合避碰规则,这是规则17b)。
  • 直航船采取的避碰行动,应该尽可能及早与明确的措施,来清爽通过,这是规则16
  • 让路船没有采取适当的措施:让路船还没有采取行动。或是直航船知道让路船的意图,它不会采取适当的行动,由其他的来源,例如vhf的通讯,或是或是领港站的指示等等,这是直航船要采取行动的时候,可能是听到其他来源的资讯。

Þ   当两条船只的距离减到36海里时,这是避碰的第二阶段,碰撞危机应该再一次确认,在开始采取避碰行动之前。

  • 两船之间的距离是在63海里附近,让路船应该采取避让行动,如果在这第二阶段,评估有碰撞危机,。
  • 直航船也能够先采取避碰行动,只要让路船还没有采取适当的行动,以符合避碰规则,这是规则17b)。
  • 直航船采取的避碰行动,应该尽可能及早与明确的措施,来清爽通过,这是规则16
  • 让路船没有采取适当的措施:让路船还没有采取行动。或是直航船知道让路船的意图,它不会采取适当的行动,由其他的来源,例如vhf的通讯,或是或是领港站的指示等等,这是直航船要采取行动的时候,可能是听到其他来源的资讯。

Þ   When two vessels distance reduced to 3 - 6 nm in second stage, collision risk should be ascertained once again before taking avoidance actions. 

  • Give-way vessel should take avoidance actions if collision risk exists in this stage (from 6 nm to 3 nm, soon or later). Rule 16
  • Stand on vessel may take avoidance actions first when give way vessel is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules. Rule 17 (b)
  • Stand on vessel take avoidance actions shall, so far as possible take early and substantial action to keep well clear. rule 16
  • Give way vessel is not taking appropriate actiongive-way vessel has not take action or stand on vessel know give way vessels intention which will not taking appropriate action from other sources like VHF or Harbour Radio or Pilot station instruction.etc.
  • 直航船应该保持航向航速,让路船已经采取避碰的行动,这是Rule 17 (a)(i)
  • 直行船能够采取行动,以避免与其他船只碰撞,如果与第三条船有碰撞危机存在,或是背离本规则的要求,以避免立即的危险,这是规则2
  • 在规则2立即危险的情况,让路船应该考虑直航船可能的避碰行动,如果他是在对第三条船采取避碰行动,或是任何注意事项,也许是因为海员常规的实务,或是当时特殊的情况。这是规则2,直航船也许需要深水航路而转向,或是太接近浅滩要绕行,这个情况,就像是六分钟之内,有两条船搁浅在2020年的511号。
  • 直航船应该保持航向航速,让路船已经采取避碰的行动,这是Rule 17 (a)(i)
  • 直行船能够采取行动,以避免与其他船只碰撞,如果与第三条船有碰撞危机存在,或是背离本规则的要求,以避免立即的危险,这是规则2
  • 在规则2立即危险的情况,让路船应该考虑直航船可能的避碰行动,如果他是在对第三条船采取避碰行动,或是任何注意事项,也许是因为海员常规的实务,或是当时特殊的情况。这是规则2,直航船也许需要深水航路而转向,或是太接近浅滩要绕行,这个情况,就像是六分钟之内,有两条船搁浅在2020年的511号。
  • Stand on vessel should keep course and speed if give way vessel has taking avoidance actions already. Rule 17 (a)(i)
  • Stand on vessel may take actions to avoid another vessel if collision risk exists with third vessel or may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. rule 2
  • In Rule 2 immediate danger situation, give way vessel should consider stand on vessels possible avoidance action to avoid third vessel collision or any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. rule 2 (stand-on vessel may need deep water route or too close to a shallow water to navigate, case like double grounding within 6 minutes in Singapore strait in May 11, 2020)  

Þ   当两条船只的距离减到03海里,这是避碰的第三阶段。让路船应该采取避碰最佳的避碰行动,来避免碰撞。如果有碰撞危机,这是规则17b)。

  • 直航船应该采取行动,可以最佳的避免碰撞,当碰撞不能由让路船的单独行动以完成,这是规则17b
  • 两条船都应该小心,任何的注意事项,也许是由海员常规的需求,或是当时情况的特殊环境,来避免碰撞。适当的付出注意,应该是对所有航行的危险,或是碰撞,或是任何特殊情况,这是规则Rule 2(a)(b)

图形2-22避碰的义务是随距离变化

当两条船只的距离减到03海里,这是避碰的第三阶段。让路船应该采取避碰最佳的避碰行动,来避免碰撞。如果有碰撞危机,这是规则17b)。

  • 直航船应该采取行动,可以最佳的避免碰撞,当碰撞不能由让路船的单独行动以完成,这是规则17b
  • 两条船都应该小心,任何的注意事项,也许是由海员常规的需求,或是当时情况的特殊环境,来避免碰撞。适当的付出注意,应该是对所有航行的危险,或是碰撞,或是任何特殊情况,这是规则Rule 2(a)(b)

图形2-22避碰的义务是随距离变化

Þ   When two vessels distance reduced to 0 - 3 nm is third stages, Give-way vessel should take avoidance actions best aid to avoid collision if collision risk exists. Rule 17 (b)

  • Stand-on vessel shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision when collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone. Rule 17 (b)
  • Both vessels shall beware any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case to avoid collision due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances. Rule 2(a)(b)

 

Figure 2-22: vessels obligations in collision avoidance varied by distance
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