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COLREG Rule 16 Action by give-way vessel Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel3
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COLREG Rule 16 Action by give-way vessel Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel

COLREG Rule 16 Action by give-way vessel
Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel

COLREG Rule 16 Action by give-way vessel

Rule 16 Action by give-way vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear. 

被指示是要让路给其他船只 是由避碰规则,由适当的关发布的特殊规则,VTSO航路交通指挥中心Vessel traffic service officer,引水,优良船艺,海员常规,任何特殊情况,本船的限制,其他船只相关的作业影响,都应尽可能符合。

被指示是要让路给其他船只: 是由避碰规则,由适当的关发布的特殊规则,VTSO航路交通指挥中心Vessel traffic service officer,引水,优良船艺,海员常规,任何特殊情况,本船的限制,其他船只相关的作业影响,都应尽可能符合。

is directed to keep out of the way of another vesselis directed by COLREG rules, special rules made by an appropriate authority, Pilot, VTSO vessel traffic service officer, good seamanship, ordinary practice of seamen, any special circumstances, including the limitations of ownship or other vessels involved so far as possible.

即早及明确的行动 转向,或减俥,停俥与倒车,直到目标船的相对方位,改变到本船的左船头,这是在横越的情况,同时保持安全距离与足够的时间之前行动 。或是本船的船首向移动到目标船右侧,并保持安全距离与时间,这是迎艏正遇的情况。或是本船移动到目标船的一侧,保持安全距离去追越他船,这是追越。事实上,及早的行动,不需要太大的动作,否则本船会浪费太多里程,这是避碰规则的缺陷,没有明确的说出,如何参考目标的距离,做出需要多少角度的航向改变? 要规范船只的距离跟航向的改变的要求,因海上船只的大小与长度不同,可以使用船只长度的倍数来规范,需要多少在远的距离开始避碰?联合国海事组织对转向战术直径是的要求,要少於5倍船长。转向的时候,前进的距离要少於4.5倍的船长,这是在IMO-2002 a的决议案,进距:就是90度的航向转向时,前进的距离。战术直径就是转到180度的航向改变时,前进的距离,这在本书的后半段会再讨论。

即早及明确的行动: 转向,或减俥,停俥与倒车,直到目标船的相对方位,改变到本船的左船头,这是在横越的情况,同时保持安全距离与足够的时间之前行动 。或是本船的船首向移动到目标船右侧,并保持安全距离与时间,这是迎艏正遇的情况。或是本船移动到目标船的一侧,保持安全距离去追越他船,这是追越。事实上,及早的行动,不需要太大的动作,否则本船会浪费太多里程,这是避碰规则的缺陷,没有明确的说出,如何参考目标的距离,做出需要多少角度的航向改变? 要规范船只的距离跟航向的改变的要求,因海上船只的大小与长度不同,可以使用船只长度的倍数来规范,需要多少在远的距离开始避碰?联合国海事组织对转向战术直径是的要求,要少于5倍船长。转向的时候,前进的距离要少于4.5倍的船长,这是在IMO-2002 a的决议案,进距:就是90度的航向转向时,前进的距离。战术直径就是转到180度的航向改变时,前进的距离,这在本书的后半段会再讨论。

- early and substantial action: to alter course, reduce, stop or reverse propulsion way to cause target vessel relative bearing change to ownships port bow in crossing situation with safe distance and time ahead. Or ownships heading move to target vessel starboard side with safe distance and time in head-on situation. Or ownships movement to target vessels side with safe distance to overtake her. In reality, early action no need substantial. Otherwise ownship will go around too many wasted mileages. This is the deficiency in COLREG: no specified reference in target distance related to required degrees of course change. The difficulty to regulate vessels distance and course change requirement with different size can be solved by using the ratio of ships length to specified rules. IMO requires that the tactical diameter is to be less than 5 ship lengths and the advance is to be less than 4.5 ship lengths [IMO 2002a].( “advance = at 90° change of heading” and “tactical diameter=  transfer at 180° change of heading”    This will discuss later in this book.

保持远离本船:应该保持与目标船的安全距离,这样他能够无困扰的操船。请看图形2-14:本船应该保持足够的空间,给目标船速度向量线最后3分钟的空间。目标船速度向量线上,最后3分钟的空间,我们可以想像是一个大船,来视觉化这个区域,本船应该要保持远离。

保持远离本船:应该保持与目标船的安全距离,这样他能够无困扰的操船。请看图形2-14:本船应该保持足够的空间,给目标船速度向量线最后3分钟的空间。目标船速度向量线上,最后3分钟的空间,我们可以想像是一个大船,来视觉化这个区域,本船应该要保持远离。

- keep well clear:  ownship shall keep safe distance to target vessel so she can maneuver without trouble. See Figure 2-14 ownship should keep enough space away from target vessels speed vector last three minutes section. This space (last three minutes in target vessels speed vector) we visualized it as a big imaginary vessel should keep well clear

 

COLREG Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel

Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel

(a).(i). Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed.

当两船中的一条船要让路,另外一条船应该保持它的航向跟船速。

船只被指定要让路:如果让路船要行动,直航船要保持它的航向航速

本船无法得知其他船只是否要让路:依照避碰规则,本船只能知道目标船是让路船,利用他的位置来判断。我们只能由目标船的位置,知道他是要让路的船只。因为这个知识,本船必须保持航向航速,这是规则Rule 17(a)(i)但是这个要求可以被解除,依照本规则的下一条规则17(a)(ii)

船只被指定要让路:如果让路船要行动,直航船要保持它的航向航速

本船无法得知其他船只是否要让路:依照避碰规则,本船只能知道目标船是让路船,利用他的位置来判断。我们只能由目标船的位置,知道他是要让路的船只。因为这个知识,本船必须保持航向航速,这是规则Rule 17(a)(i),但是这个要求可以被解除,依照本规则的下一条规则17(a)(ii)

one vessel is directed to keep out of the wayIf give-way vessel is to take action stand-on vessel shall keep her course and speed 

- ownship is not able to know other vessels intention to give way or not. By steering rules of COLREG, ownship only know target vessel is give way vessel by her position. By this knowledge ownship have to keep course and speed in Rule 17(a)(i). But, this requirement is relieved as next rule 17(a)(ii).

 (ii). The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

其中一条船:

让路船跟直航船的避让行动情况,在横越时,可能会交换,rule 17(a)(ii)需要让路的船只,如果没有采取适当的行动来符合本规则,此时直航船也可以变成让路船。

让路船与直航船的让路行动,在追越的情况中,不能交换。避碰规则13条规定,不会有追越船变成横越船的情况

这就是说应该保持航向航速的船只,在开始时,可能是让路船。

一旦应该保持航向航速的船只,采取单独的行动,去避免碰撞,依照规则rule 17(a)(ii)。另外一条船应该保持航向航速,依照规则rule 17(a)(i),不论谁在开始的时候是直航船。

其中一条船:

让路船跟直航船的避让行动情况,在横越时,可能会交换,rule 17(a)(ii),需要让路的船只,如果没有采取适当的行动来符合本规则,此时直航船也可以变成让路船。

让路船与直航船的让路行动,在追越的情况中,不能交换。避碰规则13条规定,不会有追越船变成横越船的情况。

这就是说应该保持航向航速的船只,在开始时,可能是让路船。

一旦应该保持航向航速的船只,采取单独的行动,去避免碰撞,依照规则rule 17(a)(ii)。另外一条船应该保持航向航速,依照规则rule 17(a)(i),不论谁在开始的时候是直航船。

- One of two vessels:

-  give-way vessel and stand-on vessel avoidance action may be exchanged in crossing situation by COLREG rule 17(a)(ii) the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

-  give way vessel and stand on vessel avoidance action shall not exchange in overtaking situation by COLREG rule 13(d) shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel

except overtaking situation. 

-That is to say the one shall keep her course and speed maybe a give way vessel in the beginning. 

- Once the other shall keep her course and speed take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone rule 17(a)(ii) the other shall keep her course and speed Rule 17(a)(i) no matter who is the stand-on vessel in the first place. 

当那条船采取避碰行动,用他自己的单独行动,依照规则rule 17(a)(ii),另外一条船就不必改变航向航速,因为避碰规则要求,采取行动的船只(不论他是直航船或是让路船,依照他们的相对位置)应该采取即早及明确的行动,保持清爽通过,这是规则16

让路船失去他改变航向航速的主动性,只要直航船采取了避碰行动。

如果让路船没有采取行动,直航船可以,无论如何,采取单独行动去避免碰撞(规则17 (a), (ii)),或不采取单独行动去避免碰撞(rule 17 (a).(i).)。

某轮应该保持航向航速,可以无论如何,采取单独行动去避免碰撞:当直航船采取单独行动,他就会变成让路船,在这个时候 让路船应该保持航向航速。

当那条船采取避碰行动,用他自己的单独行动,依照规则rule 17(a)(ii),另外一条船就不必改变航向航速,因为避碰规则要求,采取行动的船只(不论他是直航船或是让路船,依照他们的相对位置)应该采取即早及明确的行动,保持清爽通过,这是规则16

让路船失去他改变航向航速的主动性,只要直航船采取了避碰行动。

如果让路船没有采取行动,直航船可以,无论如何,采取单独行动去避免碰撞(规则17 (a), (ii)),或不采取单独行动去避免碰撞(rule 17 (a).(i).)。

某轮应该保持航向航速,可以无论如何,采取单独行动去避免碰撞:当直航船采取单独行动,他就会变成让路船,在这个时候 让路船应该保持航向航速。

- The one is to take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone rule 17(a)(ii) the other no need to alter course or speed because COLREG require take action vessel (no matter she is stand-on or give-way vessel by their relative position) shall take early and substantial action to keep well clear rule 16   

- Give-way vessel lost its initiative to alter course or speed once stand-on vessel take avoidance actions.

If give-way vessel has not taken action stand-on vessel may however take action by rule 17(a)(ii) or may not to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone rule 17(a)(i)

the one shall keep her course and speed may however take action to avoid collision: When stand on vessel takes action she become give way vessel. In this moment give way vessel shall keep her course and speed.

避碰 使用他的单独行动:直航船采取避碰行动,应确认他的行动是及早且明确的行动,以保持清爽通过,这是规则16

单独行动:直航船改让路船的单独行动,是表示直航船让路的行动要大,不要让原来的让路船再做避让的行动。

让路船从他让路的义务中解除,一旦直航船采取避碰行动,除非他是在规则17b)的情况,该情况是碰撞无法由让路船的单独行动而避免,也就是避碰的第三阶段,最后阶段。

避碰 使用他的单独行动:直航船采取避碰行动,应确认他的行动是及早且明确的行动,以保持清爽通过,这是规则16

单独行动:直航船改让路船的单独行动,是表示直航船让路的行动要大,不要让原来的让路船再做避让的行动。

让路船从他让路的义务中解除,一旦直航船采取避碰行动,除非他是在规则17b)的情况,该情况是碰撞无法由让路船的单独行动而避免,也就是避碰的第三阶段,最后阶段。

to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alonestand on vessel takes avoidance action have to make sure her action is early and substantial action to keep well clear rule 16

- Give way vessel is relieved her obligations to give way once stand on vessel takes avoidance action unless it is in Rule 17 (b) situation: collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone.

一旦这对他变得明显:在大海上,直航船永远搞不清楚让路船真正的意图是什么?尤其是在长距离的时候,要知道他的意向,除非他有采取极早及明确的措施,来清爽通过,规则16。使用AIS资料,对清楚让路船真正的意图有帮助。

直航船可以先采取行动,一旦清楚知道其他船只,尚未采取避碰行动 

规则2b直航船可以背离本规则,只要足够避免立即的危险,这是指直航船可以做最后的避碰努力,去避免碰撞,无论以何种方式,他认为是适当的。

一旦这对他变得明显:在大海上,直航船永远搞不清楚让路船真正的意图是什么?尤其是在长距离的时候,要知道他的意向,除非他有采取极早及明确的措施,来清爽通过,规则16。使用AIS资料,对清楚让路船真正的意图有帮助。

直航船可以先采取行动,一旦清楚知道其他船只,尚未采取避碰行动 

规则2b)直航船可以背离本规则,只要足够避免立即的危险,这是指直航船可以做最后的避碰努力,去避免碰撞,无论以何种方式,他认为是适当的。

as soon as it becomes apparent to her: In real sea, there will never be apparent to stand on vessels what give way vessels intention are especially in long range. We only know her intention by early and substantial action to keep well clear rule 16.

- Stand-on vessel may take actions first as soon as it becomes apparent other vessel did not take action to avoid collision yet.

- rule 2(bstand-on vessels may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger means stand-on vessel can make last efforts (avoidance actions) to avoid the collision in any way she thought is appropriate.  

直航船可以在第一时间采取行动,以他的单独行动去避免碰撞,如果让路的船只尚未采取适当的行动避让。一旦直航船采取避碰行动,他就必须负责单独完成所有的避碰行动。

直航船可以在第一时间采取行动,以他的单独行动去避免碰撞,如果让路的船只尚未采取适当的行动避让。一旦直航船采取避碰行动,他就必须负责单独完成所有的避碰行动。

Stand-on vessel may take actions in first instance by her manoeuvre alone to avoid collision as the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action yetOnce stand on vessel take avoidance actions she shall responsible to complete the avoidance by her efforts along.

(b). When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.

不论任何理由,需要去保持航向航速的船只,初始时也许是一个让路船,在它船的左舷。

太接近它船,所以碰撞无法由让路船单独行动完成: 现在两条船都变成了让路船,如果直航船发现让路船的单独行动,无法避免碰撞,两条船都会变成让路船,这是规则17条(b)。这是避碰的第三阶段。

现在这两条船都是让路船,两船同时发现,他们已经无法由让路船单独的行动,来避免碰撞。

不论任何理由,需要去保持航向航速的船只,初始时也许是一个让路船,在它船的左舷。

太接近它船,所以碰撞无法由让路船单独行动完成: 现在两条船都变成了让路船,如果直航船发现让路船的单独行动,无法避免碰撞,两条船都会变成让路船,这是规则17条(b)。这是避碰的第三阶段。

现在这两条船都是让路船,两船同时发现,他们已经无法由让路船单独的行动,来避免碰撞。

from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speedthis vessel originally may be a give way vessel on other vessels port side. 

-finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel aloneNow both vessels become give-way vessels if find herself cannot avoid collision by give-way vessel alone. Rule 17 (b)

-Now these two vessels are both give-way vessel at the time finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone.

最佳避碰的行动,不必是减速 停车 倒车,也许增加回转速率,使用大而短的进车,用来停止回转,或使用满舵等等。

最佳避碰的行动,不必是减速 停车 倒车,也许增加回转速率,使用大而短的进车,用来停止回转,或使用满舵等等。

best aid to avoid collision: not necessary reduce, stop or reverse propulsion direction, maybe increase the turning rate by kick ahead the engine or stop the turning by hard over rudder order,…… etc. 

依照鸟群飞行的规则,当情况变得不清楚时,采取与附近船只采取同样的速度,经常检查本船是否超速,有没有跟别人同速,避免与他船速度不同,会减少我们与前面后面船只之间的安全距离。

当近距离的时候,采取附近的船只同样的航向,或相对的航向。经常检查本船是否在横越他船的航线,速度向量线是否相交,避免增加两条船航路的交点,也就是碰撞点。

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