COLREG Rule 18 Responsibilities between vessels

规则18 船舶间责任

- 除了规则9狭窄水道，规则10分道航行制跟规则13追越，另外的要求。

• 规则9：一艘船只小於20公尺的长度，或是一艘帆船，或是从事捕鱼的船只们，不应该妨碍其他船舶，在狭水水道或是航道里面的通行，或是一艘船舶横越狭窄水道，或是在狭窄水道或行道内追越，只能发生在得到被追船只的允许……
• 规则10(d)(i) 一艘小於20公尺长度的船只，和帆船，不应该妨碍动力船只在航行巷道内的通航 。
• 规则13 追越船应该避让被追越船的航线……
• 除非船只操纵失灵或是转力受限制，航行中船只不应该疏忽，在一般海员常规所需要的注意事项，或该环境特殊的需求，这是规则2（b）。
• 优良船艺与注意事项是去避免渔场，或者与渔船区，或是船只受吃水限制区域...

规则18 船舶间责任

- 除了规则9狭窄水道，规则10分道航行制跟规则13追越，另外的要求。

• 规则9：一艘船只小于20公尺的长度，或是一艘帆船，或是从事捕鱼的船只们，不应该妨碍其他船舶，在狭水水道或是航道里面的通行，或是一艘船舶横越狭窄水道，或是在狭窄水道或行道内追越，只能发生在得到被追船只的允许……
• 规则10(d)(i) 一艘小于20公尺长度的船只，和帆船，不应该妨碍动力船只在航行巷道内的通航 。
• 规则13 追越船应该避让被追越船的航线……
• 除非船只操纵失灵或是转力受限制，航行中船只不应该疏忽，在一般海员常规所需要的注意事项，或该环境特殊的需求，这是规则2（b）。
• 优良船艺与注意事项是去避免渔场，或者与渔船区，或是船只受吃水限制区域...

Rule 18 Responsibilities between vessels

. Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:

- Except where Rules 9 narrow channel, 10 TSS and 13 overtaking otherwise requirements.

• Rule 9: A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel, Or vessels engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel, or fairway. Or A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel … Or in a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if….,  
• Rules 10(d)(i) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of power-driven vessel following a traffic lane. Or,  
• Rule 13 shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken……

- Except vessel not under command and vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, vessel under way should not neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case by rule 2 (b).

- Except good seamanship and precaution are to avoid fishing farm or fishing vessels groups or vessel constrained by her draught.

(a). A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

                                 i.         a vessel not under command;

                               ii.         a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

                             iii.         a vessel engaged in fishing;

                              iv.         a sailing vessel;

- 应该远离航路：应该让路给这些船只，显示号灯号标在避碰规则part C的下列例子

I.  一艘操纵失灵船只：主机故障，舵机，或发电机或是船壳破损……

II.  一艘船之运转力受限制：因为他的工作性质，不能符合避碰规则的要求。

 iii.  从事捕鱼的船只：他的渔具限制了它的运转能力。

iv. 帆船： 正在驶风没有动力，在强风之中难以改变航向，有些可能是非常大的高船。

- 应该远离航路：应该让路给这些船只，显示号灯号标在避碰规则part C的下列例子

I.  一艘操纵失灵船只：主机故障，舵机，或发电机或是船壳破损……

II.  一艘船之运转力受限制：因为他的工作性质，不能符合避碰规则的要求。

 iii.  从事捕鱼的船只：他的渔具限制了它的运转能力。

iv. 帆船： 正在驶风没有动力，在强风之中难以改变航向，有些可能是非常大的高船。

- shall keep out of the way of: shall give-way to vessels exhibited lights and shapes specified in COLREG Rules part C as below case.

(i). a vessel not under command; 

      - broken main engine, steering gears, generator or ship’s hull. 

(ii). a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; 

      - by her work carry on board at the time cannot comply with COLREG

(iii). a vessel engaged in fishing; 

         - fishing gears restricted her maneuvering.

(iv). a sailing vessel. 

         – sailed by wind, no machinery, Hard to change course at strong wind, some are very big Tall Ship 

(b). A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

(i). a vessel not under command;

(ii). a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

(iii). a vessel engaged in fishing.

(c). A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of: 

(i). a vessel not under command;

(ii). a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.

(d).

(i). Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.

 (ii). A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition. 

- 如果情况的环境许可，避免妨碍船只吃水受限制的通行，前提是你不会搁浅或碰撞。

- 规则2应该注意所有航行的危险，包括搁浅，碰撞，任何特殊环境，例如船体下水深的容许值，包括所受到的限制， 也许船会船尾下蹲，或是船头左右摆动，以至於难以保持航向，因为在浅水区域。

- 如果情况的环境许可，避免妨碍船只吃水受限制的通行，前提是你不会搁浅或碰撞。

- 规则2应该注意所有航行的危险，包括搁浅，碰撞，任何特殊环境，例如船体下水深的容许值，包括所受到的限制， 也许船会船尾下蹲，或是船头左右摆动，以至于难以保持航向，因为在浅水区域。

- if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught,: if you will not go aground or collision

- rule 2: Due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation including grounding and collision and to any special circumstances (limited under keel clearance), including the limitations of the vessels involved (vessel may squat or smelling ground: Hard to maintain course due to shallow water). 

(e). A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this part. 

- 一般水上飞机的起降，有其预计的航路，应该远离一般水面船只所使用的航路。一旦水上飞机飞到空中，与水面船只就没有碰撞危机。

- 水上飞机的航路与水面船只的航路重叠的时候，应该改变它预定的航路，使其尽量远离水面船只。

- 当碰撞危机发生时，水上飞机应该视为水面船只，并符合避碰规则之要求。其实这一条并不合理，因为水上飞机的速度太高，水面船只要运用操船，来避免与水上飞机发生碰撞，是很不可能的。

- 一般水上飞机的起降，有其预计的航路，应该远离一般水面船只所使用的航路。一旦水上飞机飞到空中，与水面船只就没有碰撞危机。

- 水上飞机的航路与水面船只的航路重叠的时候，应该改变它预定的航路，使其尽量远离水面船只。

- 当碰撞危机发生时，水上飞机应该视为水面船只，并符合避碰规则之要求。其实这一条并不合理，因为水上飞机的速度太高，水面船只要运用操船，来避免与水上飞机发生碰撞，是很不可能的。

- any planed route for usual seaplane taking off, landing should keep away from (well clear of) routes used by common surface vessel. Once seaplane is in the air there are no collision risks with surface vessels.

- when seaplane route overlapped with surface vessels route, seaplane shall keep her planned route well clear of surface vessel.

- where risk of collision exists- seaplane shall deem as surface vessel to comply with COLREG.

(f).

(i). A WIG craft shall, when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface, keep well clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation; 

-  Wing in Ground WIG水面效应飞机，主要运动阶段是接近水面飞行，利用水面效应滑行。水面效应飞机起飞和降落时，不能改变航向来避免碰撞。 水面效应飞机接近水面飞行时，改变航向，需要很大的回转半径。

- 虽然这些水面效应飞机有操作的障碍，水面效应飞机被要求，远离水面船只的航路，因为他的前进速度太高。除非有良好的航路规划，现场避碰根本不可能。

-  Wing in Ground WIG水面效应飞机，主要运动阶段是接近水面飞行，利用水面效应滑行。水面效应飞机起飞和降落时，不能改变航向来避免碰撞。 水面效应飞机接近水面飞行时，改变航向，需要很大的回转半径。

- 虽然这些水面效应飞机有操作的障碍，水面效应飞机被要求，远离水面船只的航路，因为他的前进速度太高。除非有良好的航路规划，现场避碰根本不可能。

- Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” means a multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface-effect action.

- When taking off, or landing WIG craft cannot alter course to avoid collision.

- When in flight near the surface WIG craft alter course need a large turning diameter.

- although all these handicaps in WIG maneuvering had WIG is required to keep out the way of surface vessels due to its speed is much higher.  

(ii). a WIG craft operating on the water surface shall comply with the Rules of this Part as a power-driven vessel.

- 水面效应飞机在水面运行的时候，需要像动力船只一样行动，符合Part B- Steering and Sailing (Rules 4-19)，这里的叙述18条（f）比水上飞机的18条（e）清楚。

- 水面效应飞机在水面运行的时候，需要像动力船只一样行动，符合Part B- Steering and Sailing (Rules 4-19)，这里的叙述18条（f）比水上飞机的18条（e）清楚。

- Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” operating on the water surface is required to act like a power-driven vessel. This statement rule 18(f) is more clear than the seaplane one in rule 18(e).