
2之43船隻避碰義務的三個階段
2之43船隻避碰義務的三個階段
By flock law: (discuss later)
When situation is confusing take same speed as other vessels around. Always check ownship is over speed or not which will reduce safe distance either forward or aft.
When in close range take same course or reciprocal course as close by vessels. Always check ownship is crossing other vessel’s track or not which will increase intersection point and collision risk.
Stand-on vessel shall take best aid actions to avoid immediate danger when collision cannot be avoided by the action of give-way vessel alone.
(c). A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
- 17( a )(ii): 這兩條動力船隻,是在早期碰撞危機之中,(避碰的第二階段,請見下面的圖形2-22)
- 17( a )(ii): 这两条动力船只,是在早期碰撞危机之中,(避碰的第二阶段,请见下面的图形2-22)
- (a)(ii) of this Rule: these two power-driven vessels are in early stage of collision risk (second stage of Figure 2-22 below).
- 不應該向左轉向:在橫越的情況下,動力船隻不應該與其他動力船隻右舷對右舷通過,在避碰的早期階段。
- 不应该向左转向:在横越的情况下,动力船只不应该与其他动力船只右舷对右舷通过,在避碰的早期阶段。
- shall not alter course to port: in a crossing situation ownship power-driven vessel shall not to avoid the collision by passing starboard to starboard side to other power-driven vessel in early stage.
(d). This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.
- 讓路船必須保持航向航速,當直航船已採取避碰行動。
- 讓路船必須採取避碰行動,當兩條船隻已經太接近,無法由其他船隻單獨行動來避免碰撞。
- 本規則是提醒讓路船,不要放棄其他的義務,例如瞭望,安全速度,碰撞危機的評估等等,不要擋到他船的去路,當避碰無法由其他船隻單獨的行動以完成。
- 让路船必须保持航向航速,当直航船已采取避碰行动。
- 让路船必须采取避碰行动,当两条船只已经太接近,无法由其他船只单独行动来避免碰撞。
- 本规则是提醒让路船,不要放弃其他的义务,例如了望,安全速度,碰撞危机的评估等等,不要挡到他船的去路,当避碰无法由其他船只单独的行动以完成。
- give-way vessel have to keep course and speed when stand on vessel take avoidance action.
- give-way vessel have to take avoidance actions when two vessels already too close collision cannot be avoided by another vessel’s action alone.
- this rule is to remind give-way vessels not to give up other obligation of lookout, safe speed, collision risk, etc…and keep out of the way when collision cannot be avoided by another vessel’s action alone.
2-07船隻避碰義務,因規則,VHF 通訊港務台或是領港的指示而改變
2之43船隻避碰義務的三個階段
請參考圖形2-21會遇的情況,由相對方位和相對位置決定
- 當兩條船隻在很遠的時候,介於6到9海浬的第一階段,兩條船都可以自由運轉,轉向或改變航速,如果他們的航路上有轉向點,或是航行障礙需要改變航向來避免的時候,他們可以自由的轉向。
- 如果兩條船仍然在目前的航線上,碰撞危機應該加以評估,在這第一階段,6到9海浬之間。
2之43船只避碰义务的三个阶段
请参考图形2-21会遇的情况,由相对方位和相对位置决定
- 当两条船只在很远的时候,介于6到9海浬的第一阶段,两条船都可以自由运转,转向或改变航速,如果他们的航路上有转向点,或是航行障碍需要改变航向来避免的时候,他们可以自由的转向。
- 如果两条船仍然在目前的航线上,碰撞危机应该加以评估,在这第一阶段,6到9海浬之间。
2-07 Vessel’s obligation varied by COLREG, VHF, VTS or Pilots
2-43 Vessel’s obligation in three stages of collision avoidance
Please Refer to Figure 2-22, for vessel’s obligation in three stages:
Þ When two vessels are still far away between 6 - 9 nm in first stage, both vessels are free to alter course if their route on the chart has turning point need to do so or navigational hazards need to be avoided by alter course.
If both vessels remain in their present courses the collision risk should be evaluated in this first stage.
Þ 當兩條船隻的距離減到3到6海浬時,這是避碰的第二階段,碰撞危機應該再一次確認,在開始採取避碰行動之前。
- 兩船之間的距離是在6到3海浬附近,讓路船應該採取避讓行動,如果在這第二階段,評估有碰撞危機,。
- 直航船也能夠先採取避碰行動,只要讓路船還沒有採取適當的行動,以符合避碰規則,這是規則17(b)。
- 直航船採取的避碰行動,應該盡可能及早與明確的措施,來清爽通過,這是規則16。
- 讓路船沒有採取適當的措施:讓路船還沒有採取行動。或是直航船知道讓路船的意圖,它不會採取適當的行動,由其他的來源,例如vhf的通訊,或是或是領港站的指示等等,這是直航船要採取行動的時候,可能是聽到其他來源的資訊。
Þ 当两条船只的距离减到3到6海浬时,这是避碰的第二阶段,碰撞危机应该再一次确认,在开始采取避碰行动之前。
- 两船之间的距离是在6到3海浬附近,让路船应该采取避让行动,如果在这第二阶段,评估有碰撞危机,。
- 直航船也能够先采取避碰行动,只要让路船还没有采取适当的行动,以符合避碰规则,这是规则17(b)。
- 直航船采取的避碰行动,应该尽可能及早与明确的措施,来清爽通过,这是规则16。
- 让路船没有采取适当的措施:让路船还没有采取行动。或是直航船知道让路船的意图,它不会采取适当的行动,由其他的来源,例如vhf的通讯,或是或是领港站的指示等等,这是直航船要采取行动的时候,可能是听到其他来源的资讯。
Þ When two vessels distance reduced to 3 - 6 nm in second stage, collision risk should be ascertained once again before taking avoidance actions.
- Give-way vessel should take avoidance actions if collision risk exists in this stage (from 6 nm to 3 nm, soon or later). Rule 16
- Stand on vessel may take avoidance actions first when give way vessel is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules. Rule 17 (b)
- Stand on vessel take avoidance actions shall, so far as possible take early and substantial action to keep well clear. rule 16
- Give way vessel is not taking appropriate action: give-way vessel has not take action or stand on vessel know give way vessel’s intention which will not taking appropriate action from other sources like VHF or Harbour Radio or Pilot station instruction….etc.
- 直航船應該保持航向航速,讓路船已經採取避碰的行動,這是Rule 17 (a)(i)。
- 直行船能夠採取行動,以避免與其他船隻碰撞,如果與第三條船有碰撞危機存在,或是背離本規則的要求,以避免立即的危險,這是規則2。
- 在規則2立即危險的情況,讓路船應該考慮直航船可能的避碰行動,如果他是在對第三條船採取避碰行動,或是任何注意事項,也許是因為海員常規的實務,或是當時特殊的情況。這是規則2,直航船也許需要深水航路而轉向,或是太接近淺灘要繞行,這個情況,就像是六分鐘之內,有兩條船擱淺在2020年的5月11號。
- 直航船应该保持航向航速,让路船已经采取避碰的行动,这是Rule 17 (a)(i)。
- 直行船能够采取行动,以避免与其他船只碰撞,如果与第三条船有碰撞危机存在,或是背离本规则的要求,以避免立即的危险,这是规则2。
- 在规则2立即危险的情况,让路船应该考虑直航船可能的避碰行动,如果他是在对第三条船采取避碰行动,或是任何注意事项,也许是因为海员常规的实务,或是当时特殊的情况。这是规则2,直航船也许需要深水航路而转向,或是太接近浅滩要绕行,这个情况,就像是六分钟之内,有两条船搁浅在2020年的5月11号。
- Stand on vessel should keep course and speed if give way vessel has taking avoidance actions already. Rule 17 (a)(i)
- Stand on vessel may take actions to avoid another vessel if collision risk exists with third vessel or may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. rule 2
- In Rule 2 immediate danger situation, give way vessel should consider stand on vessel’s possible avoidance action to avoid third vessel collision or any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. rule 2 (stand-on vessel may need deep water route or too close to a shallow water to navigate, case like double grounding within 6 minutes in Singapore strait in May 11, 2020)
Þ 當兩條船隻的距離減到0到3海浬,這是避碰的第三階段。讓路船應該採取避碰最佳的避碰行動,來避免碰撞。如果有碰撞危機,這是規則17(b)。
- 直航船應該採取行動,可以最佳的避免碰撞,當碰撞不能由讓路船的單獨行動以完成,這是規則17(b)
- 兩條船都應該小心,任何的注意事項,也許是由海員常規的需求,或是當時情況的特殊環境,來避免碰撞。適當的付出注意,應該是對所有航行的危險,或是碰撞,或是任何特殊情況,這是規則Rule 2(a)(b)
圖形2-22避碰的義務是隨距離變化
⇒当两条船只的距离减到0到3海浬,这是避碰的第三阶段。让路船应该采取避碰最佳的避碰行动,来避免碰撞。如果有碰撞危机,这是规则17(b)。
- 直航船应该采取行动,可以最佳的避免碰撞,当碰撞不能由让路船的单独行动以完成,这是规则17(b)
- 两条船都应该小心,任何的注意事项,也许是由海员常规的需求,或是当时情况的特殊环境,来避免碰撞。适当的付出注意,应该是对所有航行的危险,或是碰撞,或是任何特殊情况,这是规则Rule 2(a)(b)
图形2-22避碰的义务是随距离变化
Þ When two vessels distance reduced to 0 - 3 nm is third stages, Give-way vessel should take avoidance actions best aid to avoid collision if collision risk exists. Rule 17 (b)
- Stand-on vessel shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision when collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone. Rule 17 (b)
- Both vessels shall beware any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case to avoid collision due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances. Rule 2(a)(b)
Figure 2-22: vessels obligations in collision avoidance varied by distance