Chapter 5- Situational Awareness for Chief Officer

5 – 01 Dover Strait: Container ship collided with cruiser 1999  

5-01 CPA accuracy of 0.7 nm and Drift Angle from DGPS  

5-02 To All Shipowners recommendations revised

5-03 Situational awareness lost when training is not enough?

5-04 Situational feeling lost when preoccupied by own mistake

5-05 Situational instinct needed in last three minutes: DTC, course, collision position changed 

5 – 02 Best aid to avoid collision in advance

5-06 Clues of who hit by who, which part of ownship will be collided

5-07 Who will be the victim?

5-08 Best aid to avoid collision in advance: use relative bearing to judge

5 – 03 Singapore Strait: maritime bunker power conflict zone

5-09 Aftermyth of VLCC collided with VLCS 2016

5-10 VLCS will hit VLCC starboard quarter judging by speed vectors crossed point

5-11 Alter course to target’s stern is an invariant best option to avoid collision

5-12 Considerations of VLCC to give way, stop engine or alter course?

5-13 An advantage of AIS lookout

5-14 If ownship cannot finish the turn within 3 minutes time 

5-15 Vessel arrive collision point earlier will be more vulnerable

5-16 Increase speed need more time to avoid collision than alter course

5-17 Lost mental vigilance on surveillance of collision risk due to jump out decision.

5-18 Alter course to target vessel when ownship arrive earlier in last minute

5-19 Use Hard 0ver rudder to push ownship’s stern away

5 – 04 BRM or HELM

5-20 Bridge Resource Management according to human elements theory

5-21 Best 3A awareness: Best awareness to aid avoidance action in third stage, Captain should 

5 – 05 Chang-Jiang Mouth new rising maritime conflict zone

5-22 Departure Phase 1: How to disembark pilot in strong current?

5-23 Departure Phase 2: Pilot disembarked, how can ownship re-enter general traffic flow?

5-24 Departure Phase 3: What make Master panic now?

5-25 Departure Phase 4: Into the chaos, don’t be a fool to yourself?

5-26 Departure Phase 5: Find the way out and cross fingers?

5-27 Two golden rules to avoid the collision in group convoy

5-28 Departure Phase 6: Rocking ship in the pocket? But how?

5-29 Rudder Cycling: emergency maneuvering in collision avoidance, grounding and speeding

5-30 Departure Phase 7: Last chance to avoid collision by steady ownship’s course at 115⁰ (T)

5-31 Departure Phase 8: Conducting Hard over rudder turn inside dense traffic

5-32 Departure Phase 9: Unstoppable rate of turn in third stage of “Hard Over” turning

5 – 06 Master has only one-minute time to decide his fate

Figure

Figure 5-01: Situational Awareness 6 minutes before collision in multiple targets

Figure 5-02: Situational Awareness 3 minutes before collision in multiple targets

Figure 5-03: Situational Awareness of angle of blow

Figure 5-04: collision position at Singapore Strait ​​​​​

Figure 5-05: collision position of VLCS and VLCC 14:56:47 / 14:57:47

Figure 5-06: collision position of VLCS and VLCC 14:58:17 / 14:58:47

Figure 5-07: A turn in time to avoid collision, 3 minutes before collision

Figure 5-08: A turn to mitigate collision, 2 minutes before collision

Figure 5-09: collision position of VLCS and VLCC 14:59:37 / 14:59:47

Figure 5-10: collision position of VLCS at 15:00:47

Figure 5-11: collision position of VLCS and VLCC 15:00:17 30 seconds before

Figure 5-12: collision position of VLCS and VLCC 15:00:47 

Figure 5-13: Red whole track of outbound container ownship

Figure 5-14: Vessel Track of container ship in red at scene

Figure 5-15: small ship’s echo mixed with sea clutter after pilot disembarked at 1505 hours

Figure 5-16: ALL ship with ARPA speed vector at 1510 hours

Figure 5-17: No.10 target echo swapped at 1508 and 1509 hours

Figure 5-18: First coursed change for target 10 at 1512 hours

Figure 5-19: Graphical solution to solve collision mystery at 1510 hours

Figure 5-20: maintain coursed for target no.12 at 1514 hours

Figure 5-21: Rocking ship in the pocket at 1515 hours, Rudder Cycling

Figure 5-22: First stage of full rudder turn at 1517 hours

Figure 5-23: Second stage of full rudder turn at 1518 hours

Figure 5-24: collision happened at third stage of full rudder turn 1519 hours