2-04 COLREG Part A- General (Rules 1-3)

COLREG Rule 1 paramount clause: High seas and overriding authorities  

Rule 1 Application:

(a). These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. 

- 如果你是在遠洋船隻上服務，這些規則將會運用在，所有貴輪能夠進入的水域。

- 如果你是在远洋船只上服务，这些规则将会运用在，所有你船能够进入的水域。

- If you service on oceangoing vessel these rules shall apply to all waters your vessel may enter.

(b). Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels.

- 主管官署所製定的特殊規則，在他管轄的水域內，將具有比避碰規則更高的效力。

- 主管官署所制定的特殊规则，在他管辖的水域内，将具有比避碰规则更高的效力。

But special rules made by an appropriate authority has overriding power over COLREG within his waters.

 (c). Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet.

- 相較於普通船隻，軍艦或是編隊航行的船隻與漁船船隊，主管官署可以同意其有不同的部屬跟信號燈，號標與霧號。

- 相较于普通船只，军舰或是编队航行的船只与渔船船队，主管官署可以同意其有不同的部属跟信号灯，号标与雾号。

- ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy and fishing vessels in a fleet may have different station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals as ordinary vessels.

(e). Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.

- 特殊構造和目的的船隻，對於號燈號標的數目，位置，能見距離，可見光的弧度，以及他們霧號的配置以及性質，可以與避碰規則不同，但是必須由其政府決定。

- 特殊构造和目的的船只，对于号灯号标的数目，位置，能见距离，可见光的弧度，以及他们雾号的配置以及性质，可以与避碰规则不同，但是必须由其政府决定。

- Vessels of special construction or purpose with respect to their number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances may have different rules as COLREG determined by their Government. 

COLREG Rule 2： Nothing shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew.  A departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

COLREG規則2：沒有任何船隻，船東，船長或船員能豁免。 為了避免立即發生的危險，必須違反這些規則。

COLREG规则2：没有任何船只，船东，船长或船员能豁免。为了避免立即发生的危险，必须违反这些规则。

Rule 2 Responsibility:

(a). Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

- any neglect to comply with these Rules or any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case is your fault and COLREG cannot be used as excuses to get away (exonerate) your obligations.

- 任何疏於遵守本規則和疏於遵守海員常規需要的注意事項，或是疏於注意該案件的特殊情況，這些都是你的錯。而且避碰規則不能用來豁免你的義務。

- 任何疏于遵守本规则和疏于遵守海员常规需要的注意事项，或是疏于注意该案件的特殊情况，这些都是你的错。而且避碰规则不能用来豁免你的义务。

- ordinary practice of seamen: if every ship did the same thing then ownship should follow. This is an awareness seaman must have beside their education. It is a habit, a custom, a culture or an unspoken rule complied by everybody in nearby area. When others vessel did not have a collision and you had one, it is your fault. We should learn from local wisdom, street wise. The reason why they did this ordinary practice of seamen may be discussed with local pilot or agency to understand.  

- 海員常規： 如果每條船都這麼做，我們就應該遵守。這是一種警覺，除了他們所受的教育之外的必需品。它是一種習慣，一種風俗，一種文化或是在這附近海域的人，都會遵守的潛規則。當其他船隻沒有發生碰撞，但是你發生碰撞，這是你的錯。我們應該向當地的智慧學習。為什麼他們這樣做的原因？海員常規的理由，我們可以向當地的引水人或代理行去了解。

- 海员常规： 如果每条船都这么做，我们就应该遵守。这是一种警觉，除了他们所受的教育之外的必需品。它是一种习惯，一种风俗，一种文化或是在这附近海域的人，都会遵守的潜规则。当其他船只没有发生碰撞，但是你发生碰撞，这是你的错。我们应该向当地的智慧学习。为什么他们这样做的原因？海员常规的理由，我们可以向当地的引水人或代理行去了解。

 (b). In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

-船隻所受到的限制，所有航行與碰撞的危險：本船可能穩定度不好而擱淺，可能與附近的第3條船發生碰撞，可能迴旋圈太大，停車距離太長，主機經常故障，在緊急時發電機跳電，舵機在冬天故障，本船接近航行險阻，淺灘其他船隻等等。

-在特殊情況下，背離避碰規則去避免立即的危險，是可以接受的。本船的安全高於避碰規則的規定，不必犧牲本船的安全。

-船只所受到的限制，所有航行与碰撞的危险：本船可能稳定度不好而搁浅，可能与附近的第3条船发生碰撞，可能回旋圈太大，停车距离太长，主机经常故障，在紧急时发电机跳电，舵机在冬天故障，本船接近航行险阻，浅滩其他船只等等。

-在特殊情况下，背离避碰规则去避免立即的危险，是可以接受的。本船的安全高于避碰规则的规定，不必牺牲本船的安全。

- limitations of the vessels involved and all dangers of navigation and collision: Ownship may go aground due to stability is no good, collision with third vessel in close by, turning circle too big, stopping distance too long, Main Engine broken down very often, generators black out in critical time, steering gear failure in cold weather or close to navigational hazards, shallow waters, other vessel, etc.……In special circumstances if you make a departure from COLREG to avoid immediate danger is acceptable. Ownship’s safety is above COLREG. Don’t sacrifice ownship’s safety.

COLREG Rule 3 General definitions