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避碰规则研究之三 RULE 3 - General definitions

避碰规则研究之三 RULE 3 - General definitions
https://youtu.be/VIDwpzepiXQ
各位朋友大家好,这是我们避碰规则第三条的讲解,这条是名称的定义。好现在我们来看看,vessel包括那个种在水面上的船只,与非排水量的船只,或者是seaplane水上飞机,起飞或降落的阶段,必须在水面加速减速的飞机。power driven vessel动力船只,就是使用机械动力推进的船只。Sailing vessel 帆船,任何的船只使用帆布驶风,即使是他船上有这个机械,但是呢没有使用机器推进,也算是帆船。vessel engaged in fishing从事捕鱼的工作,渔船的意思是使用渔网NET,延绳钓line ,一条主绳旁边接了一些副绳,拖网,其他的渔具,使运转率力受限制,才能称为渔船。一条船可能只有很少数的钓线在水里面钓鱼,其运转力不受限制,就不能称为渔船,实际上,在日本多的是钓鱼船,如果你不让他的路,就等著吃官司。
seaplane水上飞机包括的任何的飞机,设计的可以在水面运转的,就叫做水上飞机。当然有的水上飞机呢,他起飞降落一定要在水面上,他在水面的这段过程,就算是船只的一种。现在新的避碰规则呢,多的就是WIG wing in ground aircraft 地面效应飞机,这种飞机呢,只能在海面20公尺高度内飞行,算是船只的一种,适用於避碰规则。
vessel not under command操纵失灵的船只,就是因为某些例外的情况,船只真的没有办法,依照避碰规则来运转,停车的时候没办法停车,该转向的时候没有办法转向,所以呢没有办法呢对其他的船只让路,所以他就是操纵失灵的船只,主要讲的是让路船,如果你是直航船的话,那就无所谓你能不能够操纵,你就是保持原来的航向航速。
船只呢运转力受限制,表示船只呢因为他工作的关系,然后限制他的能力去转向或是停车。这个当然那也是针对让路船来讲,所以呢没有办法对其他的船只让路,运转力受限制的船只呢,应该包括下列船只,但是呢不只,还有其他的更多的船只,也是运转力受限制的船只。
没办法对其他的船只让路,第一是从事安放,维修或收回导航标志,海底电缆,水下管路的船只。第二是船只从事挖掘,测量或水下作业的船只。第三是船只在航行中从事补给,转移人员,口粮或货物。第四是呢发射或者是收回飞机的时候,这就是表示航空母舰啊,当然啊这个有会飞的东西,不一定是航空母舰,有的时候,是呢直升机,有钱人的超级。第五是从事扫雷作业的船只,当然他这个随便乱开,就会碰到水雷,这时候呢他就是运转力受限制。第陆船只呢从事拖船,运转的能力受限制,或者呢这个不是拖船,可能是被拖的油驳,barge被拖呢,没有能力来deviate,就是离开他们原来的航向,就是不管是拖船或者是被拖的东西,那都可能呢没有办法,依照规则的要求呢来转向或是停车。那这6种船是运转力受限制的船只,那当然其他呢有特殊情形在规则里面,没有规定的,也可以使用这一个规定,只要呢出事的时候,他在法庭上面的站得住脚,就好了。另外一种船只呢叫做吃水受限制的船只,吃水所限制的船只,那这个是一个power-driven vessel, 这边呢特别讲到,这是什么?这是动力船只,因为他的吃水呢跟使用的水深,限制到他的能力去离开他的原来的航向。下面一个underway航行中,船只是哪有3个情景,算是航行中,没有下锚,绑在岸边,或者是没有搁浅。反正浮在水面上,跟地球呢没有任何的联系,那就算是在航行中。哪下锚就是用锚呢跟地球连结,绑在码头边就是用缆绳,搁浅就是用船身直接跟地球接触,所以只要漂在水面上的东西呢,都叫做航行中,要怎么样?遵守避碰规则的规定。
在避碰规则使用的长度,表示他的全长,包括他船上的突出水面的部位,都算他长度的一部分,跟他最大的宽度。
船只相互看见,应该是in sight of one another,相互看见只有在什么时候,可以用眼睛看到另外一条船的时候。所以这是在能见度良好的时候,眼睛可以看到另外一条船,那能见度不好的时候呢,陆海里看不到,要到三海里的距离才看得到,因为中间隔了一层薄薄的雾,或者是因为下雨,或者是雷阵雨,或是沙尘暴等等,假如眼睛看不到,这个就算是什么在雾中,这里的规定说呢,两条船相互看见,实际上呢是在规定呢,眼睛看不到就算是在雾区,要使用下面的第19条,能见度受限制时的避碰措施。
restricted visibility能见度受限制,代表在任何情况能见度受到限制,雾,霾就是比较小的水珠,现在流行的PM2.5造成的,降雪或者是沙尘暴等等。
最后一个呢mile, 这里避碰规则表示能见度的距离,使用的是海里,不是陆地上的公里,我们旧的第三条呢的规则,是到这里。新的规则是最后面多了一个w i g地面效应飞机的定义,前面我们说过了。
RULE 3 - General definitions
For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires -
the word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water;
the term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery;
the term " sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, fitted, is not being used;
the term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability;
the word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water;
the term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstances is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel;
the term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to:
a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;
a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
a vessel engaged in minesweeping operations;
a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course;
the term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth of water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following;
the word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground;
the words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth;
vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when ore can be observed visually from the other;
the term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.
"mile" means nautical mile