COLREG Rule 13 Overtaking Rule 14 Head-on situation
Rule 14 Head-on situation
COLREG Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one another (Rules 11-18)
COLREG Rule 11 Rules in Section II apply to vessels in sight of one another
Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one another (Rules 11-18)
Rule 11 Application
Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.
COLREG Rule 12 Sailing vessels (omit)
Rule 12 Sailing vessels (omit)
COLREG Rule 13 Overtaking
Rule 13 Overtaking
(a). Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of part B, sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
- 不管是任何船只在船头，追越船应该保持避让。
- 不管是任何船只在船头，追越船应该保持避让。
- No matter what vessel is ahead, overtaking vessel should keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
(b). A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
- 被追越的情况：在白天，看到其他船只从本船正横22.5度的后方，接近本船，在夜间，看到其他船只的两盏桅灯，从正横大於22.5度的方向接近本船。
- 被追越的情况：在白天，看到其他船只从本船正横22.5度的后方，接近本船，在夜间，看到其他船只的两盏桅灯，从正横大于22.5度的方向接近本船。
- overtaken situation: see another vessel approaching from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft ownship’s beam at day or see another vessel’s two masthead lights approaching from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft ownship’s beam at night.
-追越的情况：日间接近他船，从他正横后方大於22.5度的方向接近，夜间本船接近它船，只有看到它的船尾灯。
追越的情况：日间接近他船，从他正横后方大于22.5度的方向接近，夜间本船接近它船，只有看到它的船尾灯。
- overtaking situation: approaching another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam or see another vessel’s stern light only at night.
(c). When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
- 对是否正在追越其他船只，存有怀疑：日间看到在前面的船只，跟本船航行同一方向，或夜间看到其他船只在船头附近航行，跟本船同向，或许看得到他的舷灯。也许本船已经追越目标船一段时间，是在追越的第二阶段，因此追越的情况，就像是正在横越其他船只，这是因为在追越的第一阶段，我们并没有注意到这一条船，我们是从他正横后22.5度的方向接近他。
- 对是否正在追越其他船只，存有怀疑：日间看到在前面的船只，跟本船航行同一方向，或夜间看到其他船只在船头附近航行，跟本船同向，或许看得到他的舷灯。也许本船已经追越目标船一段时间，是在追越的第二阶段，因此追越的情况，就像是正在横越其他船只，这是因为在追越的第一阶段，我们并没有注意到这一条船，我们是从他正横后22.5度的方向接近他。
- in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another: see vessel ahead sailed in same course as ownship or see other vessel ahead in same direction with side light visible to ownship at night. Maybe ownship already overtake target vessel to her beam direction in second stage (where alteration of the bearing between these two vessels make the overtaking vessel looks like a crossing vessel) only we did not notice this overtaking situation in early stage (coming up from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam).
- 对於是否追越？应该假设本船正在追越其他船只，本船应该采取行动，避让被追越的船只，这是优良船艺。
- 对于是否追越？应该假设本船正在追越其他船只，本船应该采取行动，避让被追越的船只，这是优良船艺。
- shall assume she is overtaking another: ownship shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
- 不论是什么船只，白天在我们的船头，或是晚上有一盏白灯在我们的船头，应该假设本船正在追越，应该避让被追越的船只，并不表示本船应该立刻采取避让行动，除非被追越的船只，已经在近距离之内。
- 不论是什么船只，白天在我们的船头，或是晚上有一盏白灯在我们的船头，应该假设本船正在追越，应该避让被追越的船只，并不表示本船应该立刻采取避让行动，除非被追越的船只，已经在近距离之内。
- No matter what vessel is ahead at day or this one white light is ahead at night, assuming ownship is overtaking vessel should keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken does not mean ownship should take action immediately, unless overtaken vessel already in close range.
- 在采取任何避让行动之前，应该确认其他船只的方位变化，这是第一优先。
- 在采取任何避让行动之前，应该确认其他船只的方位变化，这是第一优先。
- Before take any actions to give way make sure other vessel’s bearing change is first priority.
(d). Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between these two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
- 追越船应该让路给被追越船，直到他最后通过，并且清爽。
- 追越船应该让路给被追越船，直到他最后通过，并且清爽。
- overtaking vessel: should give way to overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
- 当追越正在进行之中，追越的状况，不会变成横越的情况。
- 当追越正在进行之中，追越的状况，不会变成横越的情况。
- overtaking situation cannot change to crossing situation while overtaking is in progress.
COLREG Rule 14 Head-on situation
Rule 14 Head-on situation
(a). When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
- 各轮应该从他船的左舷通过，这就是左对左通航，在迎艏正遇的情况。
- 各轮应该从他船的左舷通过，这就是左对左通航，在迎艏正遇的情况。
- each shall pass on the port side of the other: Ah ha, port to port passing for head-on situation. OK.
- 在相对和接近相对的航向： 目标船的航向，很难利用他的侧影或是轮廓，一眼就发现他的航向，应该有系统化的目测或是由雷达阿帕的速度向量线来决定。
- 在相对和接近相对的航向： 目标船的航向，很难利用他的侧影或是轮廓，一眼就发现他的航向，应该有系统化的目测或是由雷达阿帕的速度向量线来决定。
- on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses: Target vessel’s course is hard to know by one look of her profile or silhouette. Her reciprocal course should be determined by systematic visual observation or radar/ARPA target speed vector.
- 在决定迎艏正遇情况下的一个重要技巧，估计目标船在船头相对速度，要记得第一次发现目标的时间跟距离，与在第二次观测的时间，检查目标的距离，估计来船的相对速度。 使用雷达的回迹，或是速度向量线，可以对他船的速度，可以有更好的估计。
- 在决定迎艏正遇情况下的一个重要技巧，估计目标船在船头相对速度，要记得第一次发现目标的时间跟距离，与在第二次观测的时间，检查目标的距离，估计来船的相对速度。 使用雷达的回迹，或是速度向量线，可以对他船的速度，可以有更好的估计。
- one important skill in determining head-on situation by visual is to estimate relative speed of vessel ahead. (Remember the first sighting time and distance. Check the distance in second sighting time later. Estimate relative speed of this vessel.)
(b). Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
- 看到其他船只在船头，或接近船头的方位，目视观测目标船接近位置在船头，或接近船头，而且他的方位，经过一段时间后，没有明显的变化。
- 看到其他船只在船头，或接近船头的方位，目视观测目标船接近位置在船头，或接近船头，而且他的方位，经过一段时间后，没有明显的变化。
- sees the other ahead or nearly ahead: Visual observation of target vessel’s approaching bearing ahead or nearly ahead, no apparent change after some time.
- 迎艏正遇的情况，来船的接近方位是，在相当於从正船头左右两舷，大约7度的相对方位范围之内，（相对方位大於7度，相对方位正在往船尾方向增加，会被认为是可以安全通过，依照经验）
- 迎艏正遇的情况，来船的接近方位是，在相当于从正船头左右两舷，大约7度的相对方位范围之内，（相对方位大于7度，相对方位正在往船尾方向增加，会被认为是可以安全通过，依照经验）
- head-on situation: another vessel approaching bearing range is from dead ahead to both side within 7 degrees relative bearing (relative bearing more than 7 degrees and increased (go astern) when approaching in close range is considered safe to pass by experience).
- 避碰规则附录一水平弧度(a) (i)舷灯在船上的装设，在船头的方向，应该显示最小的需要强度。灯光的强度应该实际上减低到遮蔽，在超过设定的灯光弧度1到3度之外。
- 避碰规则附录一水平弧度(a) (i)舷灯在船上的装设，在船头的方向，应该显示最小的需要强度。灯光的强度应该实际上减低到遮蔽，在超过设定的灯光弧度1到3度之外。
- COLREG Annex 1 Horizontal sectors (a) (i) In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted on the vessel shall show the minimum required intensities. The intensities shall decrease to reach practical cut-off between 1° and 3° outside the prescribed sectors.
- 在相对或接近相对的航向互相接近，如果两条船在迎艏正遇的情况，一条船航向是003度，他的两个舷灯可以在000到006船首向内（003 ± 3 ）,被对开的船只看到，碰规则附录一所规定的在1到3度的弧角范围之内，实际遮断。另外一船只航向是183度，而他的舷灯应该能在他船首向在180度到186度的范围之内看得到（183 ± 3 ），对两边当值船副的观测，两边的舷灯，应该可以看到，当一船的艏向是000，另一只船是186度的船首向。这是当他们相对航向有6度差的时候。
- 在相对或接近相对的航向互相接近，如果两条船在迎艏正遇的情况，一条船航向是003度，他的两个舷灯可以在000到006船首向内（003 ± 3 ）,被对开的船只看到，碰规则附录一所规定的在1到3度的弧角范围之内，实际遮断。另外一船只航向是183度，而他的舷灯应该能在他船首向在180度到186度的范围之内看得到（183 ± 3 ），对两边当值船副的观测，两边的舷灯，应该可以看到，当一船的艏向是000，另一只船是186度的船首向。这是当他们相对航向有6度差的时候。
- meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal course: If two vessels sailed in head-on situation, one course is 0030degrees and her side light can be seen at 000 to 0060 heading by COLREG Annex 1 above, the other course is 1830 and her side light can be seen at heading 180 to 1860 range. To OOW observation, both side lights could be seen when one is in 0000 heading and the other is in 1860 heading which is 6 degrees difference in their reciprocal course.
- 在晚上本船可以看到目标船四盏灯，2盏桅灯跟2盏舷灯。日间观测目标船相对的视角，当值船副需要一些经验去了解其他船只的相对视角，然后常常会犯错，最好利用阿帕的速度向量线去确认 。
- 在晚上本船可以看到目标船四盏灯，2盏桅灯跟2盏舷灯。日间观测目标船相对的视角，当值船副需要一些经验去了解其他船只的相对视角，然后常常会犯错，最好利用阿帕的速度向量线去确认 。
- ownship can see target vessel’s four lights (two masthead lights and two side lights) at the same time at night.
* observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel: OOW need some experiences to know corresponding aspect of the other vessel and often mistake. Better use ARPA speed vector to verify it.
(c). When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.
- 当目标船的相对方位是正前方，或接近正前方，过了一段时间，相对方位没有改变，这有两种可能性：追越－本船可以向右转向或是向左转。或是迎艏正遇－本船必须向右转向。
- 当目标船的相对方位是正前方，或接近正前方，过了一段时间，相对方位没有改变，这有两种可能性：追越－本船可以向右转向或是向左转。或是迎艏正遇－本船必须向右转向。
- when target vessel relative bearing is dead ahead or nearly ahead without change after some time in close range, there are two possibilities:
- • one is overtaking, ownship can alter course to both sides.
- • Another is head-on, ownship have to alter course to starboard side.
- 近距离并且本船还没有确认目标船的航向：可能因为曙光，水面反光，或者是强烈的阳光反射，本船应该先假设迎艏正遇的情况，然后采取果断向右转的行动。
- 近距离并且本船还没有确认目标船的航向：可能因为曙光，水面反光，或者是强烈的阳光反射，本船应该先假设迎艏正遇的情况，然后采取果断向右转的行动。
- when in very close range and ownship is still not sure of target vessel’s course (because reflection of twilight on water or strong sun light coming ahead), ownship should assume head-on situation first and take bold course alternation to starboard side.
- 假设追越的情况向左转，等一会发现迎艏正遇的情况，需要我们向右转向，就会来不及。如果发现真实的情况，不是追越的情况。
- 假设追越的情况向左转，等一会发现迎艏正遇的情况，需要我们向右转向，就会来不及。如果发现真实的情况，不是追越的情况。
- Assume overtaking situation and alter course to port side may conflict with head-on situation requirement alter course to starboard side if some time later we found the real situation is not overtaking situation.